It has also been revealed through several studies that mutagenic
activity of ground beef patties can be decreased by the addition of
onion (Shon et al., 2004). Yao et al. (2012) selected clove, galangal,
bay leaf, red prickly ash and cinnamon bark to investigate their
inhibitory effects on the formation of HAAs in beef and concluded
that these spices are very effective for decreasing the concentration
of carcinogens during cooking of meat. Shin, Rodgers, Gomaa,
Strasburg, and Gray (2002) observed that garlic reduced the production
of HAAs from 46 to 81% when added directly to the ground
beef before cooking.
et al. (2011) found a decrease in HAA contents by 18.4%, 33.5% and
39.2% using galangal, fingerroot and turmeric respectively.