The first reported solar cell employing CH3NH3PbI3 achieved an
efficiency of 3.81% [27]. Various alterations to the device geometry
allowed for a meteoric rise in device performance, for which the
highest reported value is 20.1% [14,28]. A detailed overview of the
historical evolution of perovskite solar cell performance, occurring
over a short time period, can be found in multiple previous review
articles [13,23,29,30]. This result implies that perovskite solar cells
could, for the first time in the history of PV, combine high effi-
ciency with low cost and scalable processing [13]. In fact, there are
multiple approaches to improve performance available to perovskite
solar cells. As an alternative to low cost solar cells produced
using techniques similar to those used for OPV, this material
could be coupled with silicon to form high efficiency tandem
devices