3.1. First driver – politics
Marine passages between or through countries invariably seem
to give rise to political issues. The events of 11 September 2001
raised the issue of maritime security in the context of politics.
The security of countries or regions is vulnerable to maritime
attacks and blockages. A marine passage through a country may
provide political value (Huebner, 1915) but it is more often that
route choice is a result of underlying political choice. The emergence
of a new interoceanic canal affects the existing equilibrium
of seaborne trade. When the Suez Canal was blocked by the Egyptians
from 1967 to 1975, the State of Israel established the Negev
continental bridge as an alternative to move freight between the
Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Gradus (1977) concluded that
the political driver was one of the major reasons for the failure to
use the Negev, and demonstrated that the political driver may
deter some countries’ preference for a particular route.
The security of global maritime trade is therefore critical, and
threats to maritime trade routes make countries vulnerable, particularly
with respect to access to scarce natural resources (Nincic,
2002; Rodrigue, 2004). Chang et al. (2006) studied the Taiwan
3.1. First driver – politicsMarine passages between or through countries invariably seemto give rise to political issues. The events of 11 September 2001raised the issue of maritime security in the context of politics.The security of countries or regions is vulnerable to maritimeattacks and blockages. A marine passage through a country mayprovide political value (Huebner, 1915) but it is more often thatroute choice is a result of underlying political choice. The emergenceof a new interoceanic canal affects the existing equilibriumof seaborne trade. When the Suez Canal was blocked by the Egyptiansfrom 1967 to 1975, the State of Israel established the Negevcontinental bridge as an alternative to move freight between theRed Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Gradus (1977) concluded thatthe political driver was one of the major reasons for the failure touse the Negev, and demonstrated that the political driver maydeter some countries’ preference for a particular route.The security of global maritime trade is therefore critical, andthreats to maritime trade routes make countries vulnerable, particularlywith respect to access to scarce natural resources (Nincic,2002; Rodrigue, 2004). Chang et al. (2006) studied the Taiwan
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