Calculating deprivation in this way, individuals in a family are then identified
as multidimensionally poor when deprived by a weighted sum of 0.3
or more (3 out of 10 points as calculated in practice). For concreteness, a person
would get a value of 33% and thus be considered poor by having a child in
the family who is malnourished while at the same time the most educated person
in the family received only three years of schooling. Or a multidimensionally
poor person might live in a household that has experienced a child death
and is also deprived in at least three of the six living standards indicators,
which also sums to 1/6 + 1/18 + 1/18 + 1/18 = 1/3, or 33%. Or they could live
in a household that is deprived in the other three living standard indicators
and in which there is a school-age child not attending school. But if there were
no health or education deprivations, a person would have to be deprived in
all six standard-of-living indicators to be deemed poor. Thus the MPI approach
identifies the very poor by measuring a range of important household
deprivations directly, rather than only indirectly through income, then building
the index from household measures up to the aggregate measure. Rather
than using already aggregated statistics in an index, the approach takes into
account the multiplied or interactive harm done when multiple deprivations are
experienced by the same individual or family. In essence, the approach assumes
that an individual’s lack of capability in one area can to a degree be made up
for by other capabilities—but only to a degree. (Put differently, capabilities are
treated as substitutes up to a point but then as complements.) This greatly
augments measures used previously
Calculating deprivation in this way, individuals in a family are then identifiedas multidimensionally poor when deprived by a weighted sum of 0.3or more (3 out of 10 points as calculated in practice). For concreteness, a personwould get a value of 33% and thus be considered poor by having a child inthe family who is malnourished while at the same time the most educated personin the family received only three years of schooling. Or a multidimensionallypoor person might live in a household that has experienced a child deathand is also deprived in at least three of the six living standards indicators,which also sums to 1/6 + 1/18 + 1/18 + 1/18 = 1/3, or 33%. Or they could livein a household that is deprived in the other three living standard indicatorsand in which there is a school-age child not attending school. But if there wereno health or education deprivations, a person would have to be deprived inall six standard-of-living indicators to be deemed poor. Thus the MPI approachidentifies the very poor by measuring a range of important householddeprivations directly, rather than only indirectly through income, then buildingthe index from household measures up to the aggregate measure. Ratherthan using already aggregated statistics in an index, the approach takes intoaccount the multiplied or interactive harm done when multiple deprivations areexperienced by the same individual or family. In essence, the approach assumesขาดความสามารถในพื้นที่หนึ่งของแต่ละบุคคลสามารถในระดับที่ทำขึ้นสำหรับความสามารถอื่น ๆ — แต่เฉพาะระดับ (ใส่แตกต่างกัน ความสามารถในการเป็นถือแทนถึงจุด แต่ เป็นการเติมเต็ม) นี้อย่างมากแก่มาตรการที่ใช้ก่อนหน้านี้
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