The nature of work in the 21st century is quite different from that of the 20th century. Although industries such as farming and paper are still important components of the economy in the United States and other countries, today’s world of work is dominated by organizational settings based on a knowledge-intensive economy and the service industry. Ac- cordingly, situational constraints that restricted individual performance in the past, including geographic distances, lack of good communications, inability to access information and knowledge, and slow technological dispersion, are now being minimized by the Internet and increased flow of information and knowledge around the world. Although it is likely that star performers have existed throughout history, their presence is particu- larly noticeable across the industries, organizations, and teams that make up the 21st-century workplace. These star performers are the few individ- uals who account for a disproportionate amount of output in relationship to their peers. We argued that it is likely that all management theories that address individual performance directly or indirectly may have to be revisited to consider the presence of stars and an underlying power law distribution of performance. We hope that our paper will serve as a cat- alyst for future research on a topic that has implications for bridging the much-lamented micro–macro divide in the field of management. Finally, given the importance of individual performance for firm performance, we also hope that our paper will lead to future research efforts that will be not only rigorous but also relevant for organizations and society at large.