The first generation of HRIS was introduced in the late 1960s. High-speed computers replaced office manual work by enabling information to be stored and processed faster in computers rather than paper-based filing [11][12]. After several decades of evolution, current generation of HRIS not only includes people information but also resource-related management operations such as employment, career management, recruitment and strategic human resource management. As a result, HRIS nowadays has become a necessity for a company to manage its people's daily operations [13].
The emergence of new paradigms particularly web technology and globalisation have caused the economic situation to change radically [14]. Companies realise that to remain competitive, their innovative and creative employees must be managed properly. Unlike other resources, intellectual capital is difficult to be emulated by competitors. Thus, people management function has become the strategic interests of any company [13]. Consequently, current technology development seems to focus on strategic human resource management [15].
Achieving successful information systems is not a straightforward task. The existence of barrier such as the establishment of less experienced proj ect teams [16][17], the problem of system integration [16][18], the rejection of old procedure or process [16][17], less competitive consultants [16], lack of involvement from end users [16][17][19], failure data conversion [16], inadequate information [17][18] and lack of commitment from top management [17][20], lead to information systems failure. As an instance of information systems, HRIS cannot run away from being affected by such barriers. There is a need to identify what would be the necessary factors to ensure its success. To determine this, assessment is necessary. By assessing the current available systems, more understanding can be obtained so that a better IS can be developed.
There are a number of models that can be employed to determine or assess the success of information systems. In the field of IS, models such as the Information Systems Success (ISS) Model [9] and The Information Systems Acceptance (ISA) Model [10] are widely used. Since HIS can be considered as a software product, models suggested by International Organization for Standardization such as ISO 9126 [21] can also be used as the instrument of measurement. The following paragraphs describe these models briefly.
The ISS model is inspired by William R. DeLone and Ephram McLean in 1992. The model has been updated in 2003 based on the views received from academicians. This model is meant for evaluating the success and effectiveness of information systems. There are three quality aspects in the model: System quality, Information quality and Service quality. These quality aspects influence a system's intention of use, its usage and acceptance among users, which contribute to net benefit.
The ISA model has been developed based on previous models, namely Diffusion on Innovations (DOl) [22], Guidelines for Successful Implementation of Systems [23] and the ISS model [9]. This model was introduced by Megan Seen in 2007 [10]. It overcomes problems or gaps of previous studies and adds two additional factors; technology characteristics and implementation organisational issue.
ISO 9126 is an international standard for software product quality. The standard has six quality elements; functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability and portability. ISO 9126 part 1 is an extension of previous work done by [24][25]. ISO 9126 specifies and evaluates the quality of the software product in terms of internal and external software qualities and their connection attributes [21][26].