Within the academic literature, each theory may be understood as a conceptual system. Conceptual systems are generally held to be more valid and more useful when they are more useful, based on more research, and are more systemically interrelated.[3]
Generally, that validity may also be described in terms of its internal coherence and the correspondence between the conceptual system and another systems (e.g. social system or physical system). Coherence may be tested by Integrative complexity(for individuals) and by Integrative Propositional Analysis (for academic theories). Correspondence is generally tested by empirical analysis and conditions of falsifiability. The conceptual system may then be said to model the physical or social system and the conceptual system may be used as a guide for individual behavior or academic research.