formerly of the University of Lancaster. The 1969 publication on freight markets (UNCTAD Secretariat 1969) was a welcome economic description of freight markets and their rates. UNCTAD has published an annual Review of Maritime Transport since 1968, now under the authorship of the Trade Logistics Branch of the Division of Technology and Logistics. The World Bank was also interested in the influence of shipping on economic development, as reflected in the books of Bennathan and Walters (1969, 1979) .The expansion of trade and the increase in the size of ships resulted in congestion and related issues in ports. The growth of issues for ports is reflected in the founding of the not-for-profit International Cargo Handling Coordination Association (ICHCA) in 1952. The International Association of Ports and Harbours (IAPH) was founded in 1955.The attention of economists was drawn increasingly to challenges in transport such as costing and pricing in light of the com- petition between road and rail transport. W. Arthur Lewis dealt with this in the first essay in his Overhead Costs (1949). Chapter 4 in that book is an insightful but little-known essay on the interrelations of shipping freights, including a framework for the analysis of inbound and outbound rates that has had surprisingly little recognition. Meyer, Peck, Stenason and Zwick (1959) was a response to issues raised by competition in land transport.Issues associated with needed investments in infrastructure led to applications of project appraisal to transport, for example Mohring and Harwitz (1962), and Foster and Beesley (1963). The interest also led to the formation of the US Transportation Research Forum in 1958 and the CanadianTransportation Research Forum in 1965. These fostered the international conference organized by the College of Europe, in Bruges in 1972, which laid the foundation for the triennial World Conference on Transport Research, which became a Society in 1986 in Vancouver, Canada. The increased interest in transport issues reflected by these developments supported the launching of the Journal of Transport Economics and Policy in 1967.The great growth and change in shipping and trade is reflected in the books by practitioners and academics. First, a number of books were written by those working or formerly working in the industry, for example, King (1956) on tankers, Bes (1963, 1965) on tanker shipping and on bulk carriers and Cufley (1962) on ship chartering. A notable text with contributions from many practitioners is McDowell and Gibbs (1954), which served a need arising from university courses developing in the US.The books from academic writers reflect the emerging academic interest in maritime matters shown by the establishment a number of teaching and research programs on transport (Metaxas 1983). Marx (1953) is an excellent study of the liner shipping conferences. Stromme Svendsen’s Sea Transport and Shipping Economics (1958) was important as the first economics- oriented text. A translation of lecture notes at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration (NHH), Bergen, it approaches shipping economics as simply the application to sea transport of the same methods and analytic means that are used in the general study of economics. The book describes and sets out algebraically the relationships of various inputs with outputs for shipping and for ports. The book does not have data for numeric examples.