Basically, the MD&A section evaluates the causes and explains the reasons for a company’s performance during its preceding annual period. The required disclosures include information about liquidity, capital resources, and the results of operations. The SEC also requires management to highlight favorable or un- favorable trends and to identify significant events or uncertainties that affect those three factors. Since a company must disclose matters that could affect its financial statements in the future, the MD&A allows financial statement users to evaluate a company’s past performance and its likely impact on future perfor- mance. Of course, in order to discuss the influence of past performance on the future, management must use various estimates or approximations. Although these particular discussions often depend on subjective estimates, the SEC indi- cated that the information’s relevance to users exceeds its potential lack of reliability. In fact, in an effort to encourage these presentations, the SEC has provided “safe harbor” rules that protect the firm against fraud charges as long as management uses estimates that are prepared in a reasonable manner and disclosed in good faith.6
โดยทั่วไป Basically, the MD&A section evaluates the causes and explains the reasons for a company' ’การเปิดเผยข้อมูลที่จำเป็นต้องมีข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับสภาพคล่องแหล่งเงินทุนและผลการดำเนินงาน กs performance during its preceding annual period. The required disclosures include information about liquidity, capital resources, and the results of operations. The SEC also requires management to highlight favorable or un- - แนวโน้มที่ดีและเพื่อระบุเหตุการณ์สำคัญหรือความไม่แน่นอนที่มีผลต่อทั้งสามปัจจัย favorable trends and to identify significant events or uncertainties that affect those three factors. Since a company must disclose matters that could affect its financial statements in the future, the MD&A allows financial statement users to evaluate a company’s past performance and its likely impact on future perfor- mance. Of course, in order to discuss the influence of past performance on the future, management must use various estimates or approximations. Although these particular discussions often depend on subjective estimates, the SEC indi- cated that the information’s relevance to users exceeds its potential lack of reliability. In fact, in an effort to encourage these presentations, the SEC has provided “safe harbor” rules that protect the firm against fraud charges as long as management uses estimates that are prepared in a reasonable manner and disclosed in good faith.6
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