But, in cases where employees are not given opportunities to feel highly empowered, high quality LMX relationships can help compensate for some of the drawbacks
oflow empowerment.
Similarly, in terms of employee task and contextual performance, our results suggest that managers should focus on increasing
employee perceptions of empowerment. However, if this is not possible, high quality LMX relationships seem to provide benefits and
the resulting high levels of performance that are not provided through empowerment Thus, when empowerment is lacking, it appears
as though training programs targeting the development of LMX relationships ( Graen, 1989) should be associated with increases in
employee performance levels. In total, these findings indicate that empowerment is important and in most cases it is preferable for
managers to focus on increasing empowerment levels, even if this is at the expense of promoting higher quality LMX exchanges.
However, when empowerment is lacking, the LMX relationship becomes of additional importance. Thus, managers need to be aware of
low empowerment situations, and in these cases do everything in their power to help develop high quality exchanges.
But, in cases where employees are not given opportunities to feel highly empowered, high quality LMX relationships can help compensate for some of the drawbacks
oflow empowerment.
Similarly, in terms of employee task and contextual performance, our results suggest that managers should focus on increasing
employee perceptions of empowerment. However, if this is not possible, high quality LMX relationships seem to provide benefits and
the resulting high levels of performance that are not provided through empowerment Thus, when empowerment is lacking, it appears
as though training programs targeting the development of LMX relationships ( Graen, 1989) should be associated with increases in
employee performance levels. In total, these findings indicate that empowerment is important and in most cases it is preferable for
managers to focus on increasing empowerment levels, even if this is at the expense of promoting higher quality LMX exchanges.
However, when empowerment is lacking, the LMX relationship becomes of additional importance. Thus, managers need to be aware of
low empowerment situations, and in these cases do everything in their power to help develop high quality exchanges.
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