The diagnosis summarizes and simplifies the challenge facing the company or the organization. When Lou Gerstner took over IBM, most observers believed the company’s skills in integrated computer services were obsolete; as the industry moved from mainframe to desktop, it had begun to fragment into a myriad of small suppliers of hardware and services. Gerstner turned IBM around by rejecting the conventional wisdom. His diagnosis: The computer industry could still use IBM’s unique integrated skills, but IBM had failed to learn how to use these skills effectively in light of the changes in the industry. In other words, his diagnosis was that IBM was not integrated enough