1. Introduction
There have been two major inventory accounting systems in the world: FIFO and LIFO, standing for First-In-
First-Out and Last-In-First-Out, respectively. In Operations Management, FIFO usually means the first item entering
a system (e.g., a queue) will physically exit the system first, and LIFO means the opposite. In Accounting,
however, FIFO and LIFO could mean something quite different: FIFO means items exiting a system will be
evaluated at the purchase price of the oldest items in the system, and LIFO means items exiting a system will be
evaluated at the purchase price of the newest items in the system. In other words, FIFO and LIFO in Operations
Management imply something physical and in Accounting imply something financial.
1. Introduction
There have been two major inventory accounting systems in the world: FIFO and LIFO, standing for First-In-
First-Out and Last-In-First-Out, respectively. In Operations Management, FIFO usually means the first item entering
a system (e.g., a queue) will physically exit the system first, and LIFO means the opposite. In Accounting,
however, FIFO and LIFO could mean something quite different: FIFO means items exiting a system will be
evaluated at the purchase price of the oldest items in the system, and LIFO means items exiting a system will be
evaluated at the purchase price of the newest items in the system. In other words, FIFO and LIFO in Operations
Management imply something physical and in Accounting imply something financial.
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