3.4. Quality of powders
The free-fat contents shown in Table 2 indicate that all powders had low free-fat of between 0.27% and 0.68% (w/w). In both cases, Powder 1 manufactured without any homogenization process, had the highest free-fat. Powder 3 in which only the citrated cream was homogenized had lower levels of free-fat than Powder 1. Powder 2
made by the process involving homogenization of the standardized milk has the lowest free-fat. These differences are statistically significant (p < 0.05) except for Powders 2 and 3 from trial 1 (Table 2). The oxidative stability of the powders under accelerated conditions of all powders were similar as evidenced by the similar oxygen
uptake profiles of the powders over 10 days (Fig. 2). Oxygen uptake of the powders was all between 0.25 and 0.28 kPa/h over this time. This suggests that under accelerated conditions, the oxidative stability was not compromised by the use of different methods of powder manufacture.