The recovery of novel protein scaffolds from the glands
studied here reinforces how little is known about the protein
composition of coleoid venoms. This is underscored by
the number and diversity of novel scaffolds recovered
despite the relatively limited sampling employed. More
extensive sampling will no doubt recover novel isoforms of
types identified to date as well as entirely new toxin classes.
Of particular, focus for follow-up research should be
the structure–function relationships, particularly for the
small cysteine knotted peptides such as the pacifastins. It is
hoped that these results will stimulate further investigation
of these neglected glands and their secretory proteins in an
increasingly diverse range of coleoid species.