2.2. Measurements
Glass densities were measured with toluene as an immersion solvent using Archimedes’ principle. Abbe
refractometer was used to measure the glass refractive index with a sodium vapor lamp (589.3 nm). X-ray
diffraction (XRD) spectra were measured on a Shimadzu XD3A diffractometer with a Ni-filter and CuKa
( ¼ 1.5418 A˚ ) radiation at an applied voltage of 30 kV and 20 mA anode current, which was calibrated with Si
at the rate of 2 1C min. The FT-IR spectra (4000–450 cm1
) were recorded on a Brukker IFS 66 V FT-IR
spectrometer with KBr Pellets. DSC profiles were recorded on a Netzsch STA 409C system in the temperature
range of 30–1200 1C, at the rate of 10 1C/min, under N2-gas atmosphere. The optical absorption spectra of
Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ glasses were measured on a Varion-Cary Win Spectrophotometer. Both the excitation
and emission spectra of Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ glasses were measured on a SPEX Fluorolog -2 (Model II)
with a Data max Software to acquire the data with a Xe-arc lamp (150 W) as the excitation source. Table 1
lists out various physical properties of Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ doped ZPB glasses. Following the mathematical
expressions that are made available in literature [16,17], we have computed these physical quantities
and documented accordingly in Table 1 for a comparison. For 0.5 mol% Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ ions doped
glasses, from the glass transition temperature Tg (1C), crystallization temperature Tc (1C), and melting
temperature Tm (1C) values, the glass stability factor (S), Hruby’s parameter (Kgl) have been calculated as was
reported earlier [16], and the results are given in Table 1. The glasses’ stability factor demonstrates that these
glasses are more stable and the Hruby’s parameter describes the stability of these glasses against the
devitrification
2.2. MeasurementsGlass densities were measured with toluene as an immersion solvent using Archimedes’ principle. Abberefractometer was used to measure the glass refractive index with a sodium vapor lamp (589.3 nm). X-raydiffraction (XRD) spectra were measured on a Shimadzu XD3A diffractometer with a Ni-filter and CuKa( ¼ 1.5418 A˚ ) radiation at an applied voltage of 30 kV and 20 mA anode current, which was calibrated with Siat the rate of 2 1C min. The FT-IR spectra (4000–450 cm1) were recorded on a Brukker IFS 66 V FT-IRspectrometer with KBr Pellets. DSC profiles were recorded on a Netzsch STA 409C system in the temperaturerange of 30–1200 1C, at the rate of 10 1C/min, under N2-gas atmosphere. The optical absorption spectra ofMn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ glasses were measured on a Varion-Cary Win Spectrophotometer. Both the excitationand emission spectra of Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ glasses were measured on a SPEX Fluorolog -2 (Model II)with a Data max Software to acquire the data with a Xe-arc lamp (150 W) as the excitation source. Table 1lists out various physical properties of Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ doped ZPB glasses. Following the mathematicalexpressions that are made available in literature [16,17], we have computed these physical quantitiesand documented accordingly in Table 1 for a comparison. For 0.5 mol% Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ ions dopedglasses, from the glass transition temperature Tg (1C), crystallization temperature Tc (1C), and meltingtemperature Tm (1C) values, the glass stability factor (S), Hruby’s parameter (Kgl) have been calculated as wasreported earlier [16], and the results are given in Table 1. The glasses’ stability factor demonstrates that theseglasses are more stable and the Hruby’s parameter describes the stability of these glasses against thedevitrification
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