The Four-Step Problem-Solving Model. Students who have a good understanding of mathematical
concepts may still have difficulty applying their knowledge in problem-solving activities,
because they have not yet internalized a model that can guide them through the process.
The most commonly used problem-solving model is George Polya’s four-step model: understand
the problem; make a plan; carry out the plan; and look back to check the results.1
(These four steps are now reflected in the Thinking category of the achievement chart.)
mathematical concepts. Common problem-solving strategies include the following: making a
model, picture, or diagram; looking for a pattern; guessing and checking; making an organized
list; making a table or chart; making a simpler problem; working backwards; using logical
reasoning