LITERATURE REVIEWS
The American Customer Satisfaction Index Model (ACSI Model) was developed in 1994 by Dr.
Claes Fornell as a director of the National Quality Research Center, a research unit within the University of Michigan, in cooperation with the American Society for Quality (ASQ) and the Customer Feedback Insights Group (CFI Group) in the United States of America (Fornell et al. 1996).
The ACSI was based on the Swedish Customer Satisfaction Barometer (SCSB), a model designed for a measurement of the Swedish economy by measuring consumer satisfaction (Fornell, 1992). The ACSI is aimed at the United States economy and can be applied to economics at both the macro and micro levels. As the model can measure customer satisfaction based on their actual experiences, therefore it is used to measure product and service quality at organisation and industry levels. It also can be applied to marketing to enable it to reach more consumers. It is also applied in public sectors (Fornell, 2001)