Here, we address five major questions about the utility of gap characters for phylogenetic analyses in avian non-coding regions. First, is the historical signal in the gap characters from Early Bird [13] stronger than, similar to or weaker than the signal in the nucleotide sequences? Second, do gap characters exhibit more or less homoplasy than nucleotides, and moreover, do gap characters based on
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the insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide exhibit more homoplasy than those based upon longer indels? Third, are the trees supported by gap and nucleotide characters congruent, and if not, which of the two trees is better corroborated by other lines of evidence? Fourth, does maximum parsimony (MP) or maximum likelihood (ML) represent a better method for analyses of gap characters, or do both methods perform similarly? Finally, are total evidence analyses that combine gap and nucleotide data superior to individual analyses of either data type? We expect the answers to these questions to provide insight into the phylogenetic utility of gap characters that are largely based upon indels in non-coding regions.
Here, we address five major questions about the utility of gap characters for phylogenetic analyses in avian non-coding regions. First, is the historical signal in the gap characters from Early Bird [13] stronger than, similar to or weaker than the signal in the nucleotide sequences? Second, do gap characters exhibit more or less homoplasy than nucleotides, and moreover, do gap characters based on Biology 2013, 2 422 the insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide exhibit more homoplasy than those based upon longer indels? Third, are the trees supported by gap and nucleotide characters congruent, and if not, which of the two trees is better corroborated by other lines of evidence? Fourth, does maximum parsimony (MP) or maximum likelihood (ML) represent a better method for analyses of gap characters, or do both methods perform similarly? Finally, are total evidence analyses that combine gap and nucleotide data superior to individual analyses of either data type? We expect the answers to these questions to provide insight into the phylogenetic utility of gap characters that are largely based upon indels in non-coding regions.
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