The Post-World War II Shortage
Although the ANA had promoted the economic security and general welfare of nurses throughout the first half of the 20th century, it had not engaged in CB (Forman & Davis, 2002). This lack of CB involvement likely reflected the predominate view that nursing was a calling and not an occupation. In the post World War II years, however, poor working conditions, inadequate pay, and an increased demand for nurses resulted in an acute national shortage of nurses (Flanagan, 1986).