Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk for adverse obstetrical outcomes, such as macrosomia, shoulder dystocia and birth injury, primary cesarean delivery, preeclampsia, preterm delivery and fetal and neonatal mortality (1‑5). Hyperglycemia results from an inadequate compensatory secretion of insulin from the maternal pancreas (6,7). Increased fetal weight in the infants of diabetic mothers was previously considered to be the result of maternal hyperglycemia. However, the control of fetal growth in pregnancies with or without underlying diabetes is significantly more complicated