The data from Science Achievement Test and Attitude Scale towards
Teaching Science through
visual art activities were analyzed by using SPSS. Frequencies (n), means (M), standard deviations (SD),
analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple analyses of variance were calculated. To test for changes over
time, 2 x 2 (group x time) repeated measures ANOVA and MANOVA were performed with groups
(experimental
and control) as the between‐subjects factor and time (pre‐test and post‐test) as the within‐
subjects factor. An alpha level of 0.05 was used for all statistical tests.