first canonical axis: F = 7Æ59, P < 0Æ001). In addition, structural
parameters describing vertical stratification in forest
stands were the most important structural parameters separating
species along the second canonical axis (eigenvalue 0Æ056).
Whereas B. barbastellus and P. pipistrellus hunted in forest
stands with an open canopy (increased euphotic zone, canopy
roughness) and low levels of understorey vegetation (increased
contrast), gleaning species such as Myotis sp. mainly foraged in
forests with high levels of understorey vegetation (increased
entropy, shrub) or in the case of M. myotis and Plecotus sp. in
young pine forests (young stands).
In addition, individual species within functional groups
revealed fine differences in the importance of three-dimensional
structural parameters. This is especially obvious in the
three morphologically similar Pipistrelle bats, which revealed
species-specific preferences for different forest structures. The
activity of P. pygmaeus and P. nathusii was highest in forest
stands characterized by low stratification, which is typically
found in old-growth forest of one age class and indicated by
the structural parameters canopy height and bole zone. In contrast,
we recorded higher activity of P. pipistrellus in forests
with vertical variation of vegetation layers (bole zone SD) and
open canopy (increased euphotic zone) typical of forests consisting
of different age classes.
first canonical axis: F = 7Æ59, P < 0Æ001). In addition, structuralparameters describing vertical stratification in foreststands were the most important structural parameters separatingspecies along the second canonical axis (eigenvalue 0Æ056).Whereas B. barbastellus and P. pipistrellus hunted in foreststands with an open canopy (increased euphotic zone, canopyroughness) and low levels of understorey vegetation (increasedcontrast), gleaning species such as Myotis sp. mainly foraged inforests with high levels of understorey vegetation (increasedentropy, shrub) or in the case of M. myotis and Plecotus sp. inyoung pine forests (young stands).In addition, individual species within functional groupsrevealed fine differences in the importance of three-dimensionalstructural parameters. This is especially obvious in thethree morphologically similar Pipistrelle bats, which revealedspecies-specific preferences for different forest structures. Theactivity of P. pygmaeus and P. nathusii was highest in foreststands characterized by low stratification, which is typicallyfound in old-growth forest of one age class and indicated bythe structural parameters canopy height and bole zone. In contrast,we recorded higher activity of P. pipistrellus in forestswith vertical variation of vegetation layers (bole zone SD) andopen canopy (increased euphotic zone) typical of forests consistingof different age classes.
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