It should be remembered that site conditions apply equally to the maintenance and modification of existing
operating plant as to ‘green field’ construction. Pressure for completion of the work and the working
environment can be equally, if not more hazardous and hostile. In the installation of new plant the work is
usually on virgin materials and in a planned sequence to give optimum accessibility and working
conditions. On the other hand, maintenance or modification of existing plant may entail working in cramped
and dirty conditions on materials which may have become degraded by heat, corrosion or mechanical
damage.
Where plant is used in high-temperature processes, such as in the iron and steel industry, the main source
of failure of the fabricated equipment arises from thermal damage. This may be either direct fusion, arising
from molten metal breakout, or distortion where over-heating occurs. In addition, particularly when heating
It should be remembered that site conditions apply equally to the maintenance and modification of existing
operating plant as to ‘green field’ construction. Pressure for completion of the work and the working
environment can be equally, if not more hazardous and hostile. In the installation of new plant the work is
usually on virgin materials and in a planned sequence to give optimum accessibility and working
conditions. On the other hand, maintenance or modification of existing plant may entail working in cramped
and dirty conditions on materials which may have become degraded by heat, corrosion or mechanical
damage.
Where plant is used in high-temperature processes, such as in the iron and steel industry, the main source
of failure of the fabricated equipment arises from thermal damage. This may be either direct fusion, arising
from molten metal breakout, or distortion where over-heating occurs. In addition, particularly when heating
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