Where PBaPeqj is the concentration of BaPeq in youtiao obtained
from location j (mg/kg); Ci is the concentration of PAH congener i
(mg/kg); TEFi is the TEF of PAH congener i.
To quantify the dietary exposure to PAHs, we assumed that each
location had approximately the same amount of consumption due
to the absence of location data on the consumption distribution.We
also believed that the PAHs concentration in youtiao purchased
from Shanghai represented the national levels. For one reason,
youtiao is widely consumed and available everywhere in Shanghai;
for another, the population in Shanghai represents both the diversity
and quantity of the China's population. According to the
latest data recently released by the local statistical bureau, the
number of Shanghai's permanent residents stood at 24.2568
million at the end of 2014, including 14.2926 million registered
permanent residents and 9.9642 million non-registered migrants
from other regions of China.
Exposure estimates were performed in four age groups: children
(2e10 years old), adolescents (11e17 years old), adults (18e60
years old), and seniors (61e70 years old). The daily dietary exposure
(ED) to PAHs from youtiao for each age groupwas calculated by
Eq. (2), based on Wu, Zhang, Zhang, and Cheng (2011) method.
ED ¼ PBaPeq IR EF ED
BW AT