3.2. Interviews
Based on the interviews, the development, and implementation
of site level FPP usually involved several parties such as the project
manager, safety personnel, contractor engineers, the consultants
and the sub-contractors. Prior to the development of the site level
FPP, safety personnel discussed WAH issues with engineers,
sub-contractors and site coordination meetings and site surveys
were carried out. The discussions were focused on considerations
such as identifying activities that require working at height, the
work methods to be adopted, and the cost and time required for
the WAH activity. The FPP were developed after the details of the
WAH activities were confirmed. Some of the key details needed
for the FPP include records of workers who went through WAH
training courses, the personal protective equipment received, and
the permit-to-work application for the WAH activities.
One of the key challenges was to get personnel trained for WAH
activities because training courses may not be easily available during
the initial implementation of the WAH Regulations. Some companies
conducted their in-house training to get their site personnel
competent in WAH activities. Briefings were also conducted to
familiarise workers with FFH hazards and the fall prevention measures
stipulated in the FPP. In terms of provision of fall protection
devices, much effort was spent on guardrails for open edges,
proper access and egress, lifelines, anchorage points and personal
protective equipment (PPE) to workers. The direct cost of compliance
included the cost of training, purchase of fall protection
equipment such as safety harnesses and appointment of WAH
assessors to assess permit-to-work for WAH.
According to the interviewees, one of the key benefits of the FPP
was the clear allocation of responsibilities to management, competent
persons and supervisors, which increased safety awareness
and promoted a sense of ownership (Hung et al., 2011). However,
there were differences in opinion about the effectiveness of the FPP
in reducing the risk of FFH. For example, one of the interviewees
was positive about the effectiveness of the FPP, but another interviewee
commented that the effectiveness can only be ‘‘observed
over a period of time”. This was because many contractors were
still getting their workers trained and competency in preventing
FFH was still inadequate. On the other hand, it was highlighted that
the FPP is only as good as the level of implementation. There were
concerns that the FPP can degenerate into a mere ‘‘paper exercise”
and one of the interviewees commented that ‘‘out of ten [contractors],
maybe one or two really (sic) follow what they state [in the
FPP]”.
Furthermore, it was identified that one of the key barriers to the
success of the FPP is the cooperation from sub-contractors who are
usually the ones that carry out the WAH activities. According to
one of the interviewees, the sub-contractor tends to take ‘‘short
cuts” and feel that many of the safety measures stated in the FPP
are not necessary. Another barrier identified was that the plan
may be developed by personnel that does not have sufficient ground
experience and frontline people are not involved in the development
of the FPP. In addition, the contractors face the problem of
high turnover of migrant workers, who may be trained, but have
to leave the country after their contract ends. Some of these contracts
can be as short as one year. There were also concerns that
many of the FPP were very simplistic and were created for the sake
of compliance with the WAH Regulations. It was even suggested
that some of the FPPs were simply ‘‘[copied] from somewhere”.
3.2. สัมภาษณ์คะแนนจากการสัมภาษณ์ การพัฒนา และการใช้งานเว็บไซต์ FPP ระดับมักจะเกี่ยวข้องกับหลายฝ่ายเช่นโครงการวิศวกรผู้รับเหมา พนักงานรักษาความปลอดภัย ผู้จัดการ ปรึกษาและผู้รับเหมาย่อย ก่อนการพัฒนาระดับไซต์FPP พนักงานรักษาความปลอดภัยกล่าวถึงวาปัญหากับวิศวกรผู้รับเหมา และไซต์การประชุมประสานงาน และสำรวจสถานดำเนินการ การอภิปรายได้เน้นพิจารณาเช่นการระบุกิจกรรมที่ต้องทำงานที่สูง การวิธีที่จะเป็นบุตรบุญธรรม การทำงาน และต้นทุนและเวลาที่จำเป็นสำหรับกิจกรรมวา FPP ได้รับการพัฒนาหลังจากรายละเอียดของการกิจกรรมวาได้รับการยืนยัน รายละเอียดสำคัญที่จำเป็นสำหรับ FPP รวมระเบียนของพนักงานที่ได้วาหลักสูตรฝึกอบรม อุปกรณ์ป้องกันส่วนบุคคลที่ได้รับ และประยุกต์ใบอนุญาตการทำงานสำหรับกิจกรรมวาหนึ่งในความท้าทายที่สำคัญคือการรับบุคลากรการฝึกอบรมสำหรับวากิจกรรมเนื่องจากหลักสูตรฝึกอบรมอาจไม่พร้อมใช้งานได้ง่ายในระหว่างการดำเนินการเริ่มต้นของกฎระเบียบวา บริษัทบางแห่งดำเนินการฝึกในบ้านเพื่อให้ได้บุคลากรที่เว็บไซต์ของพวกเขามีความสามารถในกิจกรรมต่าง ๆ ที่วา บรรยายยังได้ดำเนินการไปทำความคุ้นเคยกับอันตราย FFH และฤดูใบไม้ร่วงมาตรการป้องกันการตามที่กำหนดในการ FPP ในแง่ของอุปกรณ์ป้องกันการตกใช้ความพยายามมาก อุปกรณ์บน guardrails เปิดขอบproper access and egress, lifelines, anchorage points and personalprotective equipment (PPE) to workers. The direct cost of complianceincluded the cost of training, purchase of fall protectionequipment such as safety harnesses and appointment of WAHassessors to assess permit-to-work for WAH.According to the interviewees, one of the key benefits of the FPPwas the clear allocation of responsibilities to management, competentpersons and supervisors, which increased safety awarenessand promoted a sense of ownership (Hung et al., 2011). However,there were differences in opinion about the effectiveness of the FPPin reducing the risk of FFH. For example, one of the intervieweeswas positive about the effectiveness of the FPP, but another intervieweecommented that the effectiveness can only be ‘‘observedover a period of time”. This was because many contractors werestill getting their workers trained and competency in preventingFFH was still inadequate. On the other hand, it was highlighted thatthe FPP is only as good as the level of implementation. There wereconcerns that the FPP can degenerate into a mere ‘‘paper exercise”and one of the interviewees commented that ‘‘out of ten [contractors],maybe one or two really (sic) follow what they state [in theFPP]”.Furthermore, it was identified that one of the key barriers to thesuccess of the FPP is the cooperation from sub-contractors who areusually the ones that carry out the WAH activities. According toone of the interviewees, the sub-contractor tends to take ‘‘shortcuts” and feel that many of the safety measures stated in the FPPare not necessary. Another barrier identified was that the planmay be developed by personnel that does not have sufficient groundexperience and frontline people are not involved in the developmentof the FPP. In addition, the contractors face the problem ofhigh turnover of migrant workers, who may be trained, but haveto leave the country after their contract ends. Some of these contractscan be as short as one year. There were also concerns thatmany of the FPP were very simplistic and were created for the sakeof compliance with the WAH Regulations. It was even suggestedthat some of the FPPs were simply ‘‘[copied] from somewhere”.
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