The rule will apply to all vowel phonemes when they occur in a context preceding any segment marked [ +nasal ] in the same syllable, and will add the feature [+nasal ] to the feature matrix of the vowel. Our description of vowel nasal in English needs only this rule. It need not include a list of the individual vowel to which the rule applies or a list of the sound that result from its application.
Many language have rules that refer to [+voiced] and [- voiced] sound. For example, the aspiration rule in English applies to the class of [-voiced] no continuant sound in word-initial position. As in the vowel nasality rule, we do not need to consider individual segments. The rule automatically applies to initial /p/, /t/, /k/.
Phonological rules often apply to natural classes of sound. A natural class is a group of sound described by a small number of distinctive feature such as [-voiced], [-continuant], which describe /p/, /t/, /k/. Any individual member of a natural class would require more features in its description than the class itself, so /p/ is not only [-voiced], [-continuant], but also [+labial].
The rule will apply to all vowel phonemes when they occur in a context preceding any segment marked [ +nasal ] in the same syllable, and will add the feature [+nasal ] to the feature matrix of the vowel. Our description of vowel nasal in English needs only this rule. It need not include a list of the individual vowel to which the rule applies or a list of the sound that result from its application. Many language have rules that refer to [+voiced] and [- voiced] sound. For example, the aspiration rule in English applies to the class of [-voiced] no continuant sound in word-initial position. As in the vowel nasality rule, we do not need to consider individual segments. The rule automatically applies to initial /p/, /t/, /k/. Phonological rules often apply to natural classes of sound. A natural class is a group of sound described by a small number of distinctive feature such as [-voiced], [-continuant], which describe /p/, /t/, /k/. Any individual member of a natural class would require more features in its description than the class itself, so /p/ is not only [-voiced], [-continuant], but also [+labial].
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