compared the quantities of the QMP components between 6-day-old
virgins and 1-year-old mated egg-laying queens of several species; they found that mated
Apis mellifera queens had significantly higher levels of 9-ODA, 9-HDA, HOB, and HVA, while
an opposite trend was found for 10-HDA and 10-HDAA, which are typical components of
worker mandibular glands (see Section 5.1.2.1) and are produced in higher amounts by
virgin queens.