There are several lessons from the Amaranth debacle that have to be relearned. First, even if a strategy has a positive excess return with low volatility historically, with or without a theoretical justification for the strategy, that strategy can still have negative returns in the future. With leverage, these negative returns are amplified. Second, firms need to manage liquidity risk explicitly. The inability to sell a futures contract at or near the latest quoted price can be related to one’s concentration in the security. In Amaranth’s case, the concentration was far too high and there were no natural counterparties when they needed to unwind the positions.Third, exchanges can only adequately manage their positionlimits if they have disciplined rules for doing so and transparency. Currently, a bill has been introduced by Senator Carl Levin to address the second point and regulate energy trading facilities (Levin, 2007). The importance of limiting concentration comes also through the potential for price manipulation which can distort prices and have an unfair income distributional effect. It can also lead to larger uncertainties and less effective decision making by individuals.Amaranth is currently being sued by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) for price manipulation in specific instances. Their intent is to penalize Amaranth for unjust profits and civil penalities, in addition to seeking $30 million from Brian Hunter as well (FERC, 2007).