Ligeti's principled resistance of system-for-system's sake – whether Boulez's version of serialism, Cage's chance, or Xenakis's stochasticism – meant that he had to find new forms, new kinds of expression, in virtually every new piece he wrote. His searches and his influences spread far beyond the conventional confines of western culture: the music of the Aka pygmies was one of the catalysts that unlocked the last couple of decades of his creativity, above all the rhythmic invention of the Piano Concerto and the Piano Etudes; he was impressed by the sounds and processes of American minimalism in a way that no other avant garde composer in Europe was; and his mind was open to the furthest reaches of contemporary mathematics. He became fascinated by the new ideas of chaos theory that Heinz-Otto Peitgen developed in the 1980s, and he extrapolated some of those ideas into music such as the 4th movement of the Piano Concerto, a chaotic ride to the abyss of continually disrupting, self-annihilating rhythmic patterns.
Ligeti's principled resistance of system-for-system's sake – whether Boulez's version of serialism, Cage's chance, or Xenakis's stochasticism – meant that he had to find new forms, new kinds of expression, in virtually every new piece he wrote. His searches and his influences spread far beyond the conventional confines of western culture: the music of the Aka pygmies was one of the catalysts that unlocked the last couple of decades of his creativity, above all the rhythmic invention of the Piano Concerto and the Piano Etudes; he was impressed by the sounds and processes of American minimalism in a way that no other avant garde composer in Europe was; and his mind was open to the furthest reaches of contemporary mathematics. He became fascinated by the new ideas of chaos theory that Heinz-Otto Peitgen developed in the 1980s, and he extrapolated some of those ideas into music such as the 4th movement of the Piano Concerto, a chaotic ride to the abyss of continually disrupting, self-annihilating rhythmic patterns.
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