The Sukhothai Historical Park
The Sukhothai Historical Park Covers the ruins of Sukhothai Province, the north of Thailand. Sukhothai was the capital of the first kingdom of Siam, flourishing between the 13th and 14th centuries. The Sukhothai Kingdom was the cradle of Thai civilization – the birthplace of Thai art, architecture and language. "Sukhothai" means ‘Dawn of Happiness,’ is a word that stirs the imagination of the Thai people. Another meaning could be ‘Dawn of the Kingdom of Thailand. Until the middle of the 14 century, it was annexed by the Ayutthaya Kingdom.
The Sukhothai Historical Park is maintained by the Fine Arts Department of Thailand with help from UNESCO, which has declared it a World heritage Site number 574 on 12 December 1991, along with its former vassal towns of Si Satchanalai and Kampheng Phet.
The historical park covers about 70 square kilometers and is divided into 5 zones are central zone, north zone, east zone, south zone and west zone
The central zone is the most visited of the Park and was the royal part of the city. The zone contains the remains of old Sukhothai, a rectangular town surrounded by multiple walls and moats Each of four gates in the city walls provided access to old Sukhothai town. These are made of laterite. The area is contains 21 structures interspersed among several lotus flower filled ponds. Contained in the central zone are ancient structures some of which pre date the Sukhothai era, active temples, the Ramkhamhaeng National Museum and the King Ramkhamhaeng monument.
The largest and the most important temple of the central zone, The Wat Mahathat, where relics of the Buddha are enshrined. Situated in the heart of the town, Wat Mahathat was built in accordance with Indian ancient concept of Mandala. Founded by the first King, the royal temple was given its large central chedi by King Li Thai in 1345 was kept two relics of The Lord Buddha brought from Sri Lanka by the monk Sisatta. Surrounded by 8 chedis, the main one in the centre has a graceful shape of lotus bud characterizing the art of Sukhothai. Among the 8 chedis forming 4 sides of the main stupa, the four ones at the corners belong to the Hariphunchai - Lanna art style while the other four lying in between each have a prasada - shaped body topped with a spire in Sukhothai style and decorated with stuccoed reliefs. the main chedi had originally been constructed in the latter style before it was rebuilt in the lotus bud shape and the base is decorated with stucco reliefs of Buddha disciples walking with their hands clapped together in salutation.
The North zone is found near the Sanluang gate in the North city wall just outside of the walled town. The zone contains about a dozen ancient monuments, the Sukhothai Historical Park information center and a number of excavated kilns, where the Sangkhalok ceramic wares were produced.
The Wat Phra Phai Luang is important temples of The North zone located near the Sanluang gate in the North city wall, just outside of the old walled town. The temple dates to the end of the 12th century or early 13th century before the founding of the Sukhothai Kingdom, which makes it one of the oldest monuments in Sukhothai. It is believed to have been founded during the reign of Angkor King Jayavarman VII, who built some of Angkor’s most impressive monuments including the Bayon temple. The Wat Phra Phai Luang was built by the Khmer when the Sukhothai area was an outpost of the Khmer empire. It was the center of town in the pre Sukhothai era and the most important temple of that time. The temple was dedicated to Vishnu. Later in the Sukhothai era it was converted into a Theravada Buddhist temple.
The South zone is a little visited area south of the old walled town. The area is reached through the Namo gate at the center of the Southern wall.
The South zone contains about an ancient temples, in various states of preservation. The Wat Chetuphon is the largest temple. Its most striking feature is a mondop with four huge Buddha image in four different postures (seated, reclining, standing and walking).each facing a different direction.
The East zone is located outside of the walled town near the Kamphaeng Hak gate in the East wall, along the road to new Sukhothai town. The best known monuments in the East zone are the Wat Chedi Sung and the Wat Chang Lom, a Singhalese style chedi with sculpting of elephants surrounding its base.
The West zone is a hilly and forested area. Spread out over an area of several kilometers. it contains mostly small monuments in the forest and on hill tops, most of them a single stupa or other structure. The area is located west of the walled old town between the road to Tak and the road through the gate in the ancient Western city wall.
In the days of the Sukhothai Empire the area was known as Aranyika. Monks studied the Tripitaka and practiced meditation in forest temples. An ancient stone inscription mentions that Ramkhamhaeng, the third King of Sukhothai, visited the area regularly to pay his respects to a Buddha image, believed to be the standing Buddha image of the Wat Saphan Hin.
(Festival) Sukhothai Historical Park is the best place in Thailand to celebrate Loy Krathong, a festival of light held over nine nights around the full moon of the 12th lunar month (October or November). During the festival, Sukhothai's ponds sparkle with floating candles and the ruins are covered in lights. There is a nightly sound and light show at Wat Mahathat and fireworks at Wat Trapang Ngoen, in addition to numerous parades and concerts throughout the city.
The sites are open daily from 8.30 – 9.00 hours. Tourists have the option to take private vehicles or rent bicycles at 20 baht per day or trams are costing 20 baht per person to move around. There is a Tourist Service Center near Wat Phra Phai Luang. The center provides information and facilitates visitors to the Shukhothai Historical Park, as well as display models of historical buildings and structures in the old city of Sukhothai
The Sukhothai Historical Park
The Sukhothai Historical Park Covers the ruins of Sukhothai Province, the north of Thailand. Sukhothai was the capital of the first kingdom of Siam, flourishing between the 13th and 14th centuries. The Sukhothai Kingdom was the cradle of Thai civilization – the birthplace of Thai art, architecture and language. "Sukhothai" means ‘Dawn of Happiness,’ is a word that stirs the imagination of the Thai people. Another meaning could be ‘Dawn of the Kingdom of Thailand. Until the middle of the 14 century, it was annexed by the Ayutthaya Kingdom.
The Sukhothai Historical Park is maintained by the Fine Arts Department of Thailand with help from UNESCO, which has declared it a World heritage Site number 574 on 12 December 1991, along with its former vassal towns of Si Satchanalai and Kampheng Phet.
The historical park covers about 70 square kilometers and is divided into 5 zones are central zone, north zone, east zone, south zone and west zone
The central zone is the most visited of the Park and was the royal part of the city. The zone contains the remains of old Sukhothai, a rectangular town surrounded by multiple walls and moats Each of four gates in the city walls provided access to old Sukhothai town. These are made of laterite. The area is contains 21 structures interspersed among several lotus flower filled ponds. Contained in the central zone are ancient structures some of which pre date the Sukhothai era, active temples, the Ramkhamhaeng National Museum and the King Ramkhamhaeng monument.
The largest and the most important temple of the central zone, The Wat Mahathat, where relics of the Buddha are enshrined. Situated in the heart of the town, Wat Mahathat was built in accordance with Indian ancient concept of Mandala. Founded by the first King, the royal temple was given its large central chedi by King Li Thai in 1345 was kept two relics of The Lord Buddha brought from Sri Lanka by the monk Sisatta. Surrounded by 8 chedis, the main one in the centre has a graceful shape of lotus bud characterizing the art of Sukhothai. Among the 8 chedis forming 4 sides of the main stupa, the four ones at the corners belong to the Hariphunchai - Lanna art style while the other four lying in between each have a prasada - shaped body topped with a spire in Sukhothai style and decorated with stuccoed reliefs. the main chedi had originally been constructed in the latter style before it was rebuilt in the lotus bud shape and the base is decorated with stucco reliefs of Buddha disciples walking with their hands clapped together in salutation.
The North zone is found near the Sanluang gate in the North city wall just outside of the walled town. The zone contains about a dozen ancient monuments, the Sukhothai Historical Park information center and a number of excavated kilns, where the Sangkhalok ceramic wares were produced.
The Wat Phra Phai Luang is important temples of The North zone located near the Sanluang gate in the North city wall, just outside of the old walled town. The temple dates to the end of the 12th century or early 13th century before the founding of the Sukhothai Kingdom, which makes it one of the oldest monuments in Sukhothai. It is believed to have been founded during the reign of Angkor King Jayavarman VII, who built some of Angkor’s most impressive monuments including the Bayon temple. The Wat Phra Phai Luang was built by the Khmer when the Sukhothai area was an outpost of the Khmer empire. It was the center of town in the pre Sukhothai era and the most important temple of that time. The temple was dedicated to Vishnu. Later in the Sukhothai era it was converted into a Theravada Buddhist temple.
The South zone is a little visited area south of the old walled town. The area is reached through the Namo gate at the center of the Southern wall.
The South zone contains about an ancient temples, in various states of preservation. The Wat Chetuphon is the largest temple. Its most striking feature is a mondop with four huge Buddha image in four different postures (seated, reclining, standing and walking).each facing a different direction.
The East zone is located outside of the walled town near the Kamphaeng Hak gate in the East wall, along the road to new Sukhothai town. The best known monuments in the East zone are the Wat Chedi Sung and the Wat Chang Lom, a Singhalese style chedi with sculpting of elephants surrounding its base.
The West zone is a hilly and forested area. Spread out over an area of several kilometers. it contains mostly small monuments in the forest and on hill tops, most of them a single stupa or other structure. The area is located west of the walled old town between the road to Tak and the road through the gate in the ancient Western city wall.
In the days of the Sukhothai Empire the area was known as Aranyika. Monks studied the Tripitaka and practiced meditation in forest temples. An ancient stone inscription mentions that Ramkhamhaeng, the third King of Sukhothai, visited the area regularly to pay his respects to a Buddha image, believed to be the standing Buddha image of the Wat Saphan Hin.
(Festival) Sukhothai Historical Park is the best place in Thailand to celebrate Loy Krathong, a festival of light held over nine nights around the full moon of the 12th lunar month (October or November). During the festival, Sukhothai's ponds sparkle with floating candles and the ruins are covered in lights. There is a nightly sound and light show at Wat Mahathat and fireworks at Wat Trapang Ngoen, in addition to numerous parades and concerts throughout the city.
The sites are open daily from 8.30 – 9.00 hours. Tourists have the option to take private vehicles or rent bicycles at 20 baht per day or trams are costing 20 baht per person to move around. There is a Tourist Service Center near Wat Phra Phai Luang. The center provides information and facilitates visitors to the Shukhothai Historical Park, as well as display models of historical buildings and structures in the old city of Sukhothai
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