The presence of some human resource management practices was associated with the union status of the firm (thus providing support for Hypothesis 2). Unionized employers were significantly more likely to report having an employee pension plan, an employee assistance program, a sexual harassment policy, and a human resources/industrial relations department. In line with past research, practices such as employee pensions and sexual harassment policies are more likely to have been established through collective bargaining. Furthermore, unionization was positively but weakly associated with a formal performance appraisal system and an orientation program for new employees. Consistent with Hypothesis 3, firm size was an important predictor of human resource management practices. A few observations warrant mentioning. First, job sharing and sharing of business information were largely unrelated to the size of the firm-these practices are somewhat informal and may be applied in both small and large firms. Second, there were dramatic differences between very small firms (fewer than 25 employees) and larger employers (100 to 500 employees). In short, very small firms were much less likely to have adopted most of the human resource management practices examined in this study. Third, the presence of a formal performance appraisal system and an HRM/IR department were significantly more likely to exist in firms with a minimum of 100 employees.