They may not know how to stimulate their
students to think critically because they may not
actually know how to think critically themselves. This
finding supports research by Williams and Burden
(1997) that the way in which teachers manage their
classroom environments influences the way in they
interact with students and the way they learn.
Furthermore, the confidence of a teacher and their selfefficacy
and self-esteem could influence the way they
influence their students’ thinking.