TSC collaboration and competition issues are challenging
not only for practitioners but also for academic
researchers. Little analytical work has been reported in the
literature on TSC management although game theory has
been widely applied for manufacturing supply chain management
(SCM) (Zhang 2006). Although it is relatively
complex to formulate a theoretical model for TSC collaboration
and competition related to a particular tourism
industry, it becomes increasingly important to identify
the distinctive features of TSCs for efficient and effective
tourism supply chain management (TSCM).