To avoid formation of the by-products in thehydrolysis process, an
alternative pretreatment method without acid addition should
be performed. In Fig. 1b, after being autoclaved at 121 C for
60 min, highest yields of reducing sugars were observed (58.1 g/
100 g DS and higher), compared to the yields of autoclaving for
only 15e30 min. This implies that most of the cellulosic
components in the corncob substrate were converted to
reducing sugar after treatment with heating by autoclaving.