(2) The frivolous schemes of ministers who are selfishly interested in their own advancement. This undermines the country as a whole.
(3) The establishment of groups of warriors united by their own codes and loyalties. These challenge the authority of the ruler.
(4) Offering bribes (corruption) to influential people so as to avoid military service.
(5) Merchants who sell useless luxury goods. They become wealthy and promote unnecessary aspirations for material gain among the people, and they exploit the farmers (who are needed for a strong country).