In the Turkish context, a plethora of research in relation to ICT attitudes and self-efficacy are available; mostly, the
studies reveal similar findings such in Çelik and Yeşilyurt (2013) featuring attitudes to technology, perceived
computer SE and computer anxiety as predicators of effective computer-assisted education. In a more general
sense, Deryakulu, Buyukozturk, Karadeniz and Olkun (2008) outlined the positive and negative factors during
the ICT implementation process. Furthermore, Tezci (2009) analyzed the effect of teachers on ICT use in
education and concluded that ICT use among teachers in Turkey is low and limited to the Internet, email, word
processing and some educational CDs. Teachers with previous experience and higher levels of knowledge and