1. Fill. Uncontrolled fills include fills that were not documented with compaction testing as
they were placed: these include dumped fills, fills dumped under water, hydraulically placed fills,
and fills that may have been compacted but there is no documentation of testing or the amount of
effort that was used to perform the compaction (Greenfield and Shen, 1992). These conditions may
exist in rural areas where inspections are lax or for structures built many years ago when the standards
for fill compaction were less rigorous.