In recent years, nanobiotechnology has emerged as the most
promising tool for the development of a powerful strategy
for drug delivery diagnostics (Griffiths et al., 2010). Besides
circumventing the background noise, the use of magnetic
beads and nanoparticle-based I-PCR can further improve
detection limits and reduce washing steps, as well as
reducing incubation steps, thus improving the assay (Adler
et al., 2008; Chen et al., 2009; Perez et al., 2013). In the
magnetic bead-based I-PCR assay (Fig. 2c), the capture
antibody is adsorbed to the magnetic beads to capture the
antigen (Barletta et al., 2009) and the sandwich I-PCR format
is then followed using streptavidin as a bridge between
the detection antibody and the reporter DNA. Briefly, the
magnetic beads are captured (using a magnetic plate placed
under the microtitre plate) periodically after each washing
phase; the magnetic beads are then released from the
magnetic force and allowed to circulate freely in solution
during incubation with antigen or antibody. Another I-PCR
format is gold nanoparticle I-PCR (GNP-I-PCR; Fig. 2d).
In recent years, nanobiotechnology has emerged as the mostpromising tool for the development of a powerful strategyfor drug delivery diagnostics (Griffiths et al., 2010). Besidescircumventing the background noise, the use of magneticbeads and nanoparticle-based I-PCR can further improvedetection limits and reduce washing steps, as well asreducing incubation steps, thus improving the assay (Adleret al., 2008; Chen et al., 2009; Perez et al., 2013). In themagnetic bead-based I-PCR assay (Fig. 2c), the captureantibody is adsorbed to the magnetic beads to capture theantigen (Barletta et al., 2009) and the sandwich I-PCR formatis then followed using streptavidin as a bridge betweenthe detection antibody and the reporter DNA. Briefly, themagnetic beads are captured (using a magnetic plate placedunder the microtitre plate) periodically after each washingphase; the magnetic beads are then released from themagnetic force and allowed to circulate freely in solutionduring incubation with antigen or antibody. Another I-PCRformat is gold nanoparticle I-PCR (GNP-I-PCR; Fig. 2d).
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