Physically modified starches could also be applied in the pro-
duction of GF products. In contrast to the former group, they are
regarded as food components (similarly to native starch), and
therefore give a “clean label”, which is preferred by the consumers.
Krupa et al. (2010) analyzed the influence of hydrothermally
modified bean starch on GF bread. They observed that the use of
such ingredient significantly decreases crumb hardness and retro-
gradation enthalpy. Pongjaruvat et al. (2014) used pre-gelatinized
tapioca starch as a structure-forming agent in rice flour based
bread. Its presence allowed obtaining batter-like doughs less sus-
ceptible to shear during processing. Moreover a positive impact of
pregelatinized tapioca starch could be found for bread volume and
crumb softness in comparison to control. Pre-gelatinized tapioca
starch was also used as an agent improving sensory and textural
properties of GF pasta (Table 1) (Chillo et al., 2007; Fiorda et al.,
2013a).