Themodels of LFC, thermal power plant, and V2G are shown
in Figs. 3, 4, and –5, respectively. In the V2Gmodel, the transfer
function for calculation delay is approximately represented by
the first-order transfer function with the time delay .
The parameters for system, battery model and V2G control [17]
are provided in Appendix.
In Fig. 2, the linearized state equations can be expressed as
follows: