Measures
Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). The BHS (Beck, Weissman, Lester, & Trexler, 1974) is a 20-item self-report measure of hopelessness or negative attitudes about future-related events. Example items on the BHS include “I have enough time to accomplish the things I want to do” and “I look forward to the future with hope and enthusiasm.” Each item is rated as either