between learners' cultures and cultural knowledge and the new culture of the school and the community. It also may include,at beginning levels,selecting topics that learners are likely to be familiar with, providing necessary background information on new topics in home languages,preteaching key vocabulary background information on new topics in home languages,preteaching key vocabulary to expand background knowledge before studying a topic, or helping learners make connections between what they know about language in their home language(L1) to uses of this knowledge in English (L2). It also might include providing background information in L1 before proceeding to study a theme or topic in L2. In a bilingual might, for example,have learners read or listen to a home language summary of a text before they will be reading it in English.