Subjecting juice to extremely high pressure in the order of hundreds of megapascals (thousands of atmospheres 101.3 kPa=1 atmosphere) can destroy vegetative cells and some spores. Enzyme inactivation requires even higher pressures or longer exposure times, but relative stabilization can be achieved. Rapid pressurization cycles demand, expensive equipment. Although continuous systems for liquids are under development, initial use will be applied to high value products.
High pressure using CO2 provides the additional stress of reduced pH (by the formation of carbonic acid, which is eliminated by depressurization). In this case, lower pressures (100 MPa) can accomplish greater microbial destruction and enzyme inactivation than higher pressures alone.