Public projects play an active role in the development of economy, but public project management performance (PPMP) is not very well and urgent to be improved in China. To improve PPMP, the controllable influential factors which can affect PPMP greatly must be identified above all. Therefore, in this paper, it was proved that all controllable influential factors belong to project management (PM) or project governance (PG) through a thorough literature review and an exhaustive list of critical controllable influential factors was produced. A questionnaire was designed according to this preliminary list and the analysis of relevant concepts (PM and PG), and we got the critical factors affecting PPMP of enterprise agent construction projects (EACP) in China through an extensive questionnaire investigation. These factors, especially the factors that belong to PG, fit EACP well and we hope they can help public projects in China into success.