Thailand employs a more flexible KPI system than
seen in Malaysia. The status of the Thai universities
in this study as ‘autonomous universities’ gives
them a degree of insulation from central government
expectations that is not enjoyed in Malaysia.
Generally, these universities are encouraged to
conduct self-evaluation in accordance with the
KPIs set by the Thai Office of the Public Sector
Development Commission and are required to
formulate short- and long-term development plans
toward their targeted goals with approved KPIs
(OHEC Thailand, 2013).