2. Methodology
2.1. Participants
The participants of the present study were 101 Iranian EFL student teachers (47 male and 54 female). Their
years of teaching experience ranged from 1 month to 12 years. They had been teaching EFL for at least 12 hours a week
since they had started their career. All the participants were undergraduate student teachers at university for teacher
education in Mashad. None of the teachers had travelled to or studied in English speaking countries. Convenient
sampling procedures were used for participant selection. If the teachers agreed to participate, then the surveys were
administered