tSeptic arthritis develops after less than 1% of all arthroscopy procedures. The clinical symptoms mayresemble those seen after uncomplicated arthroscopy, raising diagnostic challenges. The diagnosis restson emergent joint aspiration with microscopic smear examination and prolonged culturing on specificmedia. Urgent therapeutic measures must be taken, including abundant arthroscopic lavage, synovec-tomy, and the concomitant administration of two effective antibiotics for at least 6 weeks. Preservationof implants or transplants is increasingly accepted, and repeated joint lavage is a component of the treat-ment strategy. After knee arthroscopy, infection is the most common complication; most cases occur aftercruciate ligament reconstruction, and staphylococci are the predominant causative organisms. Emer-gent synovectomy with transplant preservation and appropriate antibiotic therapy ensures eradicationof the infection in 85% of cases, with no adverse effect on final functional outcomes. After shoulderarthroscopy, infection is 10 times less common than neurological complications and occurs mainly afterrotator cuff repair procedures; the diagnosis may be difficult and delayed if Propionibacterium acnes isthe causative organism. The update presented here is based on both a literature review and a practicesurvey. The findings have been used to develop practical recommendations aimed at improving the man-agement of post-arthroscopy infections, which are exceedingly rare but can induce devastating functionalimpairments.