Means (± SEM) percent of
ubiquitinated spermatozoa (%M3) and normal spermatozoa without surface ubiquitination
(%M2) following nanopurification with magnetic nanoparticles conjugated to anti-ubiquitin
antibody (UBB) or lectin PNA (PNA) or a mixture of UBB and PNA particles (n = 6 bulls, 10
samples/bull).