The IVCW systems were effective in the removal of COD during
the entire operation period in spite of a relatively high loading rate.
The mean COD removal efficiencies of the IVCW plots were near or
higher than those reported by the previous studies operating under
similar conditions (Table 4). For the removal rate constant of COD
(kCOD), it was similar to that reported by Konnerup et al. (2009),
but much higher than that of Trang et al. (2010) (Table 5).