Table 3. Occupational activities leading to MSI
Activity Direct patient
care occupation
Non-patient
care occupation
n (%) n (%)
Patient handling 369 (59) 12 (9)
Repositioning 137 0
Transferring 149 8
Preventing a fall 55 3
Holding/assisting
during procedure
70 2
Assisted walking 12 0
Toileting 13 0
Patient care 84 (14) 1 (1)
Personal care 79 1
Washing 45 0
Dressing 22 0
Changing 34 1
Feeding 1 0
Procedure 5 0
Material/equipment
handling
55 (9) 76 (55)
Lift/lower 22 39
Push/pull 31 40
Carry 6 6
Equipment operation 11 (2) 3 (2)
Driving 8 1
Other 3 2
Office work 2 (,1) 1 (1)
Natural activity 94 (15) 39 (28)
Walking/running 73 29
Bending 14 8
Reaching 14 7
Other 6 (1) 6 (4)
Spill clean-up 0 1
Cleaning 6 5
Individual activities are not mutually exclusive of one another and therefore do not
equal the subgroup total.
K. NGAN ET AL.: RISKS AND CAUSES OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES 393
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